Technology

STS mining transportation systems resemble conventional material transport systems. It is however based on different principals and apart from lower construction and maintenance costs has the following advantages:

  1. STS track structure is significantly more resistant to wear and tear. Life expectancy of the track structure is 50 years. Rail head will have minimal wear due to the optimal wheel-rail interface geometry.


The main structural elements of STS system – the tensioned strings, are encapsulated inside robust steel body, which is also filled with a special hermetic. This ensures full protection from either mechanical damage or aggressive impact of natural forces. STS is therefore safe, reliable and all weather operational system.

  1. Strings that form the core of STS track structure are thick  (3-5 mm) High Strength Steel Wires that are stationary tensioned inside the rail body parallel to each other, they do not contact with other wires and do not experience shifting stress (only shifting tension within operating parameters). STS track structure is operational even if 50% of wires break. Remaining 50% of wires ensure regular operating conditions of the system.


  1. STU’s string rail has more than twenty fold margin of safety. 


  1. STS system’s has unprecedented energy efficiency. This is due to the very low rolling resistance of the optimized steel wheel on steel rail as well as superb aerodynamic qualities of a dump-car.


  1. STS ensures higher speeds of transportation as compared to dump trucks. Higher speed increases turnover of the rolling stock and correspondingly reduces the rolling stock requirement, its operating and maintenance cost.


  1. STS system is all weather operational. String rail track structure is extremely durable and is able to withstand the harshest weather conditions including: rain, hurricane wind, snow, earthquakes etc.


  1. STS optimized track structure’s capital cost compares very favourably with conventional systems with similar capacity. STS mining haulage system can usually be implemented for 60-70% as compared to conventional railroad. More importantly the combined transportation cost is about half that of a railway.


These outstanding economic characteristics of STS achieved due to:

    1. Cost effective elevated track structure based on superbly efficient, “string rail” technology. For example; a conventional rigid beam structure with 10 ton design load and 50 meter span weights 37.5 ton, on the other hand a “string rail” structure with the same characteristics weights only 3.9 ton. This almost tenfold reduction in material consumption generates significant savings in capital cost.
    2. Being fully elevated, STS has low dependence on terrain, where difficult terrain can see costs of conventional systems escalated dramatically as they rely on solid ground.
    3. String rail is a low maintenance structure designed for 50 years lifecycle with maintenance limited primarily to periodic inspections.
    4. Running costs of an STS line are much lower compared to conventional systems due primarily to significantly reduced energy consumption and low maintenance cost.


  1. STS is the safest systems. Unlike conventional two-dimensional transport, STS is three-dimensional. It never intersects at the same level with other modes of transport, animals or pedestrians thus eliminating the main cause of accidents.


  1. Despite being the most advanced transportation system, STS is in essence is the optimised fusion of conventional railway and automobile transportation. All the materials required for its construction, such as: steel, high strength steel wires, concrete etc. are widely available and manufactured by most industrially developed countries. The same to a large extent is true for transportation modules as well. Most units and components used, such as: engineers, transmission and electrical systems etc. are already manufactured and are available from the number of manufactures worldwide. There certainly are unique components and yet these are also fairly conventional and easily manufacturable.


  1. All STS systems can be designed for specific transport solution. Required capacity is achieved by adjusting a transportation module’s capacity and/or number of vehicles.


  1. STS is the most environmentally friendly system.


  1. Due primarily to greatly reduced energy consumption, STU’s negative impact on the environment is correspondingly reduced. Harmful and greenhouse emissions are directly proportional to the amount of energy consumed (be it fossil fuel or electricity). Therefore STS will produce less harmful and greenhouse emissions for the same transportation task.
  2. STS is fully elevated and build on supports and therefore does not affect fragile eco systems, animals’ migration, vegetation or natural hydrology.
  3. STS is a much lower source of noise pollution than conventional transportation. This is due to continuously welded polished rail, independent suspension of the wheels and improved aerodynamics.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STS AND OTHER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS


LOWEST CAPITAL COST OF THE SYSTEM IS ACHIEVED BY
 
 - Low material consumption for construction of the track structure
 - Low dependence on terrain
 - Use of inexpensive and widely available materials
 - Use of off the shelf vehicles, units and components
 - Simplified infrastructure
 - Reduced rolling stock requirement due to optimized organization of traffic
 - Low land usage
 - Low volume of earthworks
 - Optimized progressive assembly construction technology

AVERAGE COMBINED COSTS OF TRANSPORTATION PER TONNE PER KM

  - Lowest base capital cost of the system
- Lower depreciation due to increased longevity of the system
- Low maintenance track structure
- Unrivalled energy efficiency
- Reduced rolling stock maintenance due to its more favourableoperating
  conditions

COMBINED LAND USAGE SQM

 
- Construction of fully elevated track structure on supports
- Elimination of at grade track structure requiring embankment

VOLUME OF EARTHWORKS

   
- Construction of fully elevated track structure on supports
- Elimination of at grade track structure requiring embankment

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

   
- Optimized wheel-rail interface geometry ensuring lowest possible rolling
   resistance
- Optimized aerodynamics of a trailer ensuring lowest possible aerodynamic
   resistance (drag)
- Elevation of the vehicles which eliminates ground effect
- Lower dry mass of the vehicles
- Continuously welded, polished rail which reduces rolling resistance    

COMBINED NEGATIVE EVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RESULTING FROM OVERALL CONSTRUCTION

  - Significantly reduced material consumption and
  corresponding reduction in heavy machinery operating time,
  fuel usage, destruction of adjacent ecological systems, interference
  with natural hydrology, noise pollution etc

COMBINED OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE COSTS

   
- Lowest combined operational and maintenance costs are achieved by: 
- Unrivalled energy efficiency
- Low maintenance track structure
- Favorable conditions of rolling stock operation resulting in
  longer service life
- All weather operation
- Improved durability of track structure resulting in lower repair costs

COMBINED MATERIAL CONSUMPTION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TRACK STRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE AND ROLLING STOCK

   
- Eliminating the need for ballast and embankment
- Eliminating the need for bridges, tunnels, retaining walls, culverts etc.
- Eliminating the need for contact network

ALL COMBINED ACCIDENT RATES

- Full elevation of the system which eliminates possibility of collision with other
  vehicles, people and animals
- Anti derailment side wheels which eliminate possibility of derailment
- Track structure is resistant to most natural disasters, including: earthquakes,
  floods, hurricanes etc.
- Track structure is most resistant against any potential terrorist attack

COMBINED NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM SYSTEM OPERATION

   
- Unrivaled energy efficiency which minimizes harmful emissions
- Lowest footprint which minimizes interference with ecological systems,
  natural hydrology and soil vegetation